diff --git a/backend/app/api/routes/admin_imports.py b/backend/app/api/routes/admin_imports.py
index 12aba4e..a168652 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/routes/admin_imports.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/routes/admin_imports.py
@@ -17,7 +17,11 @@ from app.db.session import get_db
 from app.models import AdminUser, ImportBatch, ImportBatchRow, Learner, ProjectCourse
 from app.schemas.import_batch import ImportBatchOut
 from app.services.certificate_issuance import CertificateIssueData, DuplicateCertificate, issue_certificate
-from app.services.certificate_templates import CertificateTemplateDefinition, get_certificate_template
+from app.services.certificate_templates import (
+    CertificateTemplateDefinition,
+    get_certificate_template,
+    list_certificate_templates,
+)
 from app.services.learner_identity import normalize_phone
 from app.services.logs import log_action
 
@@ -99,6 +103,14 @@ def upload_import_file(
     with upload_path.open("wb") as target:
         shutil.copyfileobj(file.file, target)
 
+    detected_template = detect_template_from_workbook(upload_path)
+    if detected_template and detected_template.code != template.code:
+        upload_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail=f"文件列属于“{detected_template.name}”，当前选择的是“{template.name}”。请切换证书模板后重新上传。",
+        )
+
     batch = ImportBatch(
         filename=file.filename,
         file_path=str(upload_path),
@@ -332,6 +344,20 @@ def required_headers(template: CertificateTemplateDefinition) -> list[str]:
     return COMMON_HEADERS + [FIELD_COLUMNS[field.key] for field in template.fields if field.key != "learner_name" and field.required]
 
 
+def detect_template_from_workbook(upload_path: Path) -> CertificateTemplateDefinition | None:
+    workbook = load_workbook(upload_path, read_only=True, data_only=True)
+    try:
+        sheet = workbook.active
+        first_row = next(sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_row=1, values_only=True), None)
+        header_names = {str(value).strip() for value in (first_row or ()) if value is not None and str(value).strip()}
+        for template in list_certificate_templates():
+            if header_names == set(template_headers(template)):
+                return template
+        return None
+    finally:
+        workbook.close()
+
+
 def optional_text(value: object) -> str | None:
     if value is None:
         return None
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_import_rules.py b/backend/tests/test_import_rules.py
index 7b101fe..cec3f53 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test_import_rules.py
+++ b/backend/tests/test_import_rules.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from app.api.routes.admin_imports import (
     TEMPLATE_HEADERS,
     build_import_template_workbook,
     date_is_valid,
+    detect_template_from_workbook,
     normalize_row_data,
     parse_issue_date,
     row_errors,
@@ -50,6 +51,16 @@ def test_normalize_row_data_removes_time_from_excel_dates():
     assert row[COL_ISSUE_DATE] == "2026-07-05"
 
 
+def test_detect_template_from_workbook_uses_excel_headers(tmp_path):
+    source_path = tmp_path / "practice-camp.xlsx"
+    build_import_template_workbook("practice-camp").save(source_path)
+
+    detected = detect_template_from_workbook(source_path)
+
+    assert detected is not None
+    assert detected.code == "practice-camp"
+
+
 def test_row_errors_require_project_code_to_exist():
     row = {
         COL_NAME: "张三",
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/AdminImports.vue b/frontend/src/views/AdminImports.vue
index a5d0650..a284710 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/AdminImports.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/AdminImports.vue
@@ -28,19 +28,22 @@
     </div>
 
     <el-upload
+      ref="uploadRef"
       class="upload"
       drag
       :auto-upload="false"
       :show-file-list="true"
       :limit="1"
+      :disabled="!selectedTemplate"
       accept=".xlsx"
       @change="pickFile"
-      @remove="selectedFile = null"
+      @remove="clearSelectedFile"
+      @exceed="replaceFile"
     >
       <el-icon class="upload-icon"><UploadFilled /></el-icon>
-      <div>把 Excel 文件拖到这里，或点击选择文件</div>
+      <div>{{ selectedTemplate ? "把 Excel 文件拖到这里，或点击选择文件" : "请先选择证书模板" }}</div>
     </el-upload>
-    <el-button type="primary" :disabled="!selectedFile" :loading="uploading" @click="uploadFile">上传并校验</el-button>
+    <el-button type="primary" :disabled="!selectedFile || !selectedTemplate" :loading="uploading" @click="uploadFile">上传并校验</el-button>
 
     <el-card class="panel" shadow="never">
       <el-table :data="batches" border>
@@ -111,7 +114,14 @@
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { UploadFilled } from "@element-plus/icons-vue";
-import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox, type UploadFile } from "element-plus";
+import {
+  ElMessage,
+  ElMessageBox,
+  genFileId,
+  type UploadFile,
+  type UploadInstance,
+  type UploadRawFile,
+} from "element-plus";
 import { computed, onMounted, onUnmounted, ref } from "vue";
 
 import { http, type CertificateTemplate, type ImportBatch, type PdfPregenerationJob } from "../api";
@@ -119,8 +129,9 @@ import { apiErrorMessage, downloadFile } from "../download";
 
 const batches = ref<ImportBatch[]>([]);
 const templates = ref<CertificateTemplate[]>([]);
-const templateCode = ref("classic");
+const templateCode = ref("");
 const selectedFile = ref<File | null>(null);
+const uploadRef = ref<UploadInstance>();
 const uploading = ref(false);
 const confirmingId = ref<number | null>(null);
 const preGeneratingId = ref<number | null>(null);
@@ -155,6 +166,23 @@ function pickFile(file: UploadFile) {
   selectedFile.value = file.raw || null;
 }
 
+function clearSelectedFile() {
+  selectedFile.value = null;
+}
+
+function resetUpload() {
+  selectedFile.value = null;
+  uploadRef.value?.clearFiles();
+}
+
+function replaceFile(files: File[]) {
+  const file = files[0] as UploadRawFile | undefined;
+  if (!file) return;
+  uploadRef.value?.clearFiles();
+  file.uid = genFileId();
+  uploadRef.value?.handleStart(file);
+}
+
 function downloadTemplate() {
   if (!selectedTemplate.value) return;
   downloadFile(
@@ -180,10 +208,16 @@ async function uploadFile() {
     const body = new FormData();
     body.append("file", selectedFile.value);
     body.append("template_code", templateCode.value);
-    await http.post("/admin/import-batches", body);
-    ElMessage.success("文件已上传并完成校验，请检查结果后点击确认导入");
-    selectedFile.value = null;
+    const { data } = await http.post<ImportBatch>("/admin/import-batches", body);
+    if (data.failed_rows) {
+      ElMessage.warning(`校验完成：${data.valid_rows} 行可导入，${data.failed_rows} 行失败，请下载错误报告查看原因`);
+    } else {
+      ElMessage.success(`校验通过，共 ${data.valid_rows} 行可导入`);
+    }
+    resetUpload();
     await loadBatches();
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    ElMessage.error(await apiErrorMessage(error, "上传校验失败"));
   } finally {
     uploading.value = false;
   }